Free Stock Fundamental
Data API Guide免费股票基本面数据 API
开发者指南
Choose free fundamentals by field coverage, filing dates, point-in-time history, request limits, and licensing—not by endpoint count alone.
选择免费基本面数据源时，应综合考察字段覆盖、申报日期、
时点历史数据、请求频率限制与使用许可，而不只是端点数量。
TL;DR核心摘要
SEC EDGAR provides US filings and company facts, but developers must normalize the records.
Commercial APIs simplify statements and ratios, while free plans restrict quotas or history.
Use filing dates and point-in-time records to avoid look-ahead bias.
Cache filings, retain raw responses, and verify display or redistribution rights.
SEC EDGAR 提供美国上市公司的申报文件与公司事实数据，但开发者需要自行规范这些记录。
商业 API 简化了财务报表与比率的使用，但免费套餐通常会限制额度或历史深度。
使用申报日期和点时记录，避免历史筛选产生前视偏差。
缓存申报文件、保留原始响应，并确认数据展示或再分发权限。
What a stock fundamental API should include股票基本面 API 应包含哪些数据
An API should return income statements, balance sheets, cash-flow statements, currency, fiscal period, and filing dates. Screeners may need shares, enterprise value, margins, growth, and valuation ratios.
Identical labels may hide different methods: reported values, standardized values, trailing-twelve-month calculations, or restatement policies. Test unusual fiscal years and amended filings before adopting a schema.
API 应提供利润表、资产负债表、现金流量表、币种、会计期间与申报日期。股票筛选还可能需要股本、企业价值、利润率、增长率与估值比率。
字段名称相同也可能采用不同口径，例如原始披露值、标准化值、滚动十二个月计算结果或不同的重述处理规则。采用某套数据结构前，应测试会计年度特殊的公司和修订申报文件。
Preserve statement type, fiscal year, fiscal quarter, period start and end, filing form, consolidated scope, segment, currency, unit, and scale. One numeric value without these dimensions is ambiguous.
Distinguish period-end shares from weighted-average basic and diluted shares. EPS, market capitalization, and per-share ratios cannot safely share one denominator.
Keep provider ratios separate from reported facts. Record formula, numerator, denominator, period alignment, and treatment of negative or missing values.
应保留报表类型、财年、季度、起止日期、申报表单、合并范围、业务分部、币种、单位和数量级。脱离这些维度的单个数值没有明确含义。
期末股本、基本加权平均股数和稀释加权平均股数必须区分。EPS、市值和每股比率不能默认共用同一个分母。
供应商计算的比率要与企业原始披露事实分开保存，并记录公式、分子、分母、期间对齐方式，以及负值和缺失值的处理规则。
Why filing dates and point-in-time history matter为什么申报日期与时点历史数据很重要
The period end says when activity occurred; the filed timestamp says when the market could know it. A December report filed in February cannot enter a January backtest. Store both dates, amendments, source, units, and version.
A screener may accept nightly updates, while an event study needs reliable timestamps. Cache slow-changing history and reserve requests for new filings.
报告期末表示经营活动发生的时间，申报时间则表示市场何时能够获知该信息。十二月的报告若在次年二月申报，就不能用于一月的历史回测。应同时保存两个日期、修订状态、来源、单位与版本。
股票筛选可以接受每日更新，事件研究则需要可靠的时间戳。应缓存变化较慢的历史数据，把请求额度留给新申报文件。
Store at least three clocks: fiscal period end, original filing acceptance time, and the retrieval or provider-availability time. When an amendment arrives, append a new version rather than overwriting the record that a historical strategy would have seen. TTM values should be rebuilt from the four quarters available at the target date, not copied from today’s endpoint into the past.
至少要保存三类时间：会计期间末、原始申报受理时间，以及本地采集或供应商可用时间。修订申报出现时，应追加新版本，不要覆盖历史策略当时能够看到的记录。TTM 指标也应使用目标日期已公开的四个季度重新计算，而不是把今天接口返回的 TTM 值直接填入过去。
Free fundamental data sources compared免费基本面数据源对比
| Source数据源 | Strength主要优势 | Free access免费访问方式 | Watch for注意事项 |
|---|---|---|---|
| SEC EDGAR | Authoritative US filings and XBRL company facts权威的美国申报文件与 XBRL 公司事实数据 | Public JSON endpoints公共 JSON 端点 | Normalization, request pacing, US focus需自行规范数据并控制请求频率，主要覆盖美国市场 |
| Alpha Vantage | Statements, overview, earnings, and market data财务报表、公司概况、盈利与行情数据 | API key with limited quotaAPI 密钥与有限额度 | Endpoint limits and normalized methodology端点额度与标准化计算口径 |
| Financial Modeling Prep | Developer-friendly statements, ratios, and profiles便于开发的财务报表、比率与公司资料 | Limited free endpoints or plan部分免费端点或免费套餐 | Confirm current coverage and commercial rights需确认当前覆盖范围与商业使用权 |
| Provider marketplace | One discovery layer for multiple capabilities通过统一发现层查找多种数据能力 | Varies by provider取决于具体供应商 | Inspect freshness, quotas, and license per tool逐项核查数据时效、额度与使用许可 |
A reliable implementation checklist可靠的接入检查清单
- Resolve identities: map ticker, exchange, CIK, or another permanent identifier.
- Keep raw data: archive each response before transforming it.
- Normalize carefully: retain currency, scale, period, units, taxonomy, and provenance.
- Respect limits: use caching, conditional refreshes, backoff, and an identifiable user agent.
- Test history: reproduce screens with only information available on the target date.
- Check rights: free access may not permit display, redistribution, or model training.
- 统一证券身份：建立证券代码、交易所、CIK 或其他永久标识符的映射。
- 保留原始数据：转换数据前先归档每次来源响应。
- 谨慎规范字段：保留币种、数量级、会计期间、单位、分类标准与来源。
- 遵守请求限制：使用缓存、条件更新、退避机制和可识别的用户代理。
- 验证历史结果：仅使用目标日期当时可获得的信息复现筛选结果。
- 核查使用权：免费访问未必允许展示、再分发或用于模型训练。
Add automated reconciliation before publishing a normalized statement. Check that assets approximately equal liabilities plus equity, cash-flow subtotals reconcile within a documented tolerance, units do not change silently, and annual values are not mixed with quarterly values. Compare a small sample back to the filing whenever the provider changes a schema or restates history.
发布标准化报表前，应增加自动勾稽检查：资产应在合理误差内等于负债加权益，现金流小计需要按明确容差对齐，单位不能悄悄变化，年度值也不能与季度值混用。供应商调整字段或重述历史数据时，应抽取小样本回到原始申报逐项核对。
Use QVeris to find the right fundamental capability使用 QVeris 查找合适的基本面数据能力
For normalized company metrics, open the Financial Modeling Prep Key Metrics tool and inspect the provider profile. Verify period, units, calculation method, freshness, and access terms before using any value in screening or backtests.
需要标准化公司指标时，可打开 Financial Modeling Prep 关键指标工具，并查看对应的服务商页面。用于选股或回测前，仍要核对期间、单位、计算方法、更新时效与访问条款。
FAQ常见问题
SEC EDGAR provides public US filings. Commercial free plans usually restrict quotas, history, or endpoints.
Start with statements, shares, period, filing date, currency, and provenance.
Yes, when it includes point-in-time availability and amendments.
Cache by document ID, batch when supported, and retry with backoff.
SEC EDGAR 提供公开的美国申报文件。商业 API 的免费套餐通常会限制额度、历史深度或可用端点。
可以从财务报表、股本、会计期间、申报日期、币种与来源信息开始。
可以，但必须包含点时可用性与修订记录。
按文档 ID 缓存数据，在支持时批量请求，并使用退避机制重试。
References and next steps参考资料与下一步
Alpha Vantage documentation
Financial Modeling Prep documentation
QVeris Key Metrics Tool
Financial Modeling Prep provider profile
Alpha Vantage 文档
Financial Modeling Prep 文档
QVeris 关键指标工具
Financial Modeling Prep 服务商页面